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Objective:Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a useful biomarker of bacterial infection. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 of alveolar fluid in pulmonary infection is still unclear. This article aimed to explore the value of sTREM-1 of alveolar fluid in the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by systematic review of relevant literatures.Methods:CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were retrieved. Articles on diagnosis of VAP by sTREM-1 before June 30, 2019 were collected. QUADAS-2 scale provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network was used to evaluate the quality of diagnostic experiments. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software were used to complete Meta-analysis. The levels of sTREM-1 between VAP and non-VAP patients were analyzed by Meta-analysis, and then diagnostic test Meta-analysis was conducted. Heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias were analyzed.Results:A total of 24 articles were enrolled. QUADAS-2 scale indicated that the selected literature had low bias and high clinical adaptability. ① In Meta-analysis of sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid, 20 articles were selected and found to have high heterogeneity ( I2 = 94.4%, P = 0.000). The random effects models were used for Meta-analysis. It was indicated that the sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid of VAP group was significantly higher than that of non-VAP group with significant difference [standardized mean difference ( SMD) was 1.47, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.00-1.95, Z = 6.14, P = 0.000]. By subgroup analysis and Meta-regression analysis, no source of heterogeneity was found. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this Meta-analysis were robust and credible, and Begg funnel plot analysis showed that there was no significant publication bias ( Z = 1.46, P = 0.143). ② A total of 18 articles were included in the Meta-analysis of diagnostic experiments. Deek funnel plot showed publication bias ( P = 0.012). The combined sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI was 0.81-0.91), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI was 0.73-0.86), and diagnostic odds ratio ( DOR) was 26 (95% CI was 13-50). Subgroup analysis of three different sources of alveolar fluid (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, endotracheal aspiration fluid and exhaled ventilator condensate) showed that STREM-1 had a certain value in early diagnosis of VAP. The I2 of combined DOR was 35.4%, and I2 of sensitivity was 79.46%, I2 of specificity was 77.61%, suggesting heterogeneity in the selected literature. Subgroup analysis found that nationality, subject design, sample source, sample size and diagnostic "gold criteria" were related to heterogeneity, but not age. The area under synthetic receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) was 0.90 (95% CI was 0.87-0.92). Conclusions:The detection of sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid can be used for the early diagnosis of VAP with high sensitivity and specificity. If combined with other biomarkers, it may have more diagnostic value.
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Objective@#To describe the dermoscopic features of extramammary Paget′s disease (EMPD) and chronic eczema of the vulva, and to explore the value of dermoscopy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the above diseases.@*Methods@#Dermoscopic images were collected from 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed vulvar EMPD and 16 patients with clinically confirmed chronic eczema of the vulva in Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pekin Union Medical College from January 2017 to April 2018, and retrospectively analyzed. Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the prevalence of dermoscopic features between the two groups.@*Results@#As dermoscopy showed, the milky red background was observed in 19 EMPD patients and in only 1 patient with chronic eczema, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of milky red background between the two groups (P < 0.001) . White scales were the most common desquamation, and were observed in 9 EMPD patients and 13 patients with chronic eczema (P = 0.128) . Blood vessels were uniformly distributed in EMPD patients, including dotted-globular vessels in 19 and linear vessels in 14, while blood vessels were distributed in a patchy or clustered pattern in the patients with chronic eczema, including dotted-globular vessels in 16 and linear vessels in 7. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of different distribution patterns of blood vessels between the two groups (P < 0.001) . Bright white streaks, bright white structureless area and reticular structure were observed in 19, 20 and 19 EMPD patients respectively, and in 1, 1 and 1 patient with chronic eczema respectively, and there were significant differences in the prevalence of the above 3 structures between the two diseases (all P < 0.001) .@*Conclusion@#Vulvar EMPD and chronic eczema both show characteristic dermoscopic features, and dermoscopy is of great value to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EMPD.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of surgical operation combined with photodynamic therapy for plantar warts.Methods From July 2017 to June 2018,16 patients with plantar warts were enrolled in the Department of Dermatology,the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou City.The enrolled patients aged 10 to 42 years,including 12 males and 4 females,with a course of 4 to 15 month,and a total of 47 plantar warts.The plantar warts was removed by surgical operation and bipolar coagulation,followed by the photodynamic treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid for 3 to 4 times with an interval of 7-10 days.Results Eleven patients showed complete clearance after operation and three times photodynamic treatments,and the other 5 patients underwent 2 operations and four times photodynamic treatments.47 plantar warts in 16 patients were disappeared completely during 6-month post-treatment follow up.The plantar warts clearance rate was 100％,and the skin texture still presented.In addition to local mild erythematous,pain and burning sensation presented after surgery,but no adverse reactions such as infection,ulcers and obvious scars occurred.Conclusions Surgery combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy is a favorable treatment for plantar warts.
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Objective To describe the dermoscopic features of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) and chronic eczema of the vulva,and to explore the value of dermoscopy in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the above diseases.Methods Dermoscopic images were collected from 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed vulvar EMPD and 16 patients with clinically confirmed chronic eczema of the vulva in Hospital for Skin Diseases,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Pekin Union Medical College from January 2017 to April 2018,and retrospectively analyzed.Fisher's exact test was used to compare the prevalence of dermoscopic features between the two groups.Results As dermoscopy showed,the milky red background was observed in 19 EMPD patients and in only 1 patient with chronic eczema,and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of milky red background between the two groups (P ＜0.001).White scales were the most common desquamation,and were observed in 9 EMPD patients and 13 patients with chronic eczema (P =0.128).Blood vessels were uniformly distributed in EMPD patients,including dotted-globular vessels in 19 and linear vessels in 14,while blood vessels were distributed in a patchy or clustered pattern in the patients with chronic eczema,including dotted-globular vessels in 16 and linear vessels in 7.There was a significant difference in the prevalence of different distribution patterns of blood vessels between the two groups (P ＜ 0.001).Bright white streaks,bright white structureless area and reticular structure were observed in 19,20 and 19 EMPD patients respectively,and in 1,1 and 1 patient with chronic eczema respectively,and there were significant differences in the prevalence of the above 3 structures between the two diseases (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Vulvar EMPD and chronic eczema both show characteristic dermoscopic features,and dermoscopy is of great value to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EMPD.
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Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a major route of transmission of syphilis,and may occur at any time during pregnancy.MTCT of syphilis can lead to many adverse pregnancy outcomes,seriously affects maternal and infant health,and has been a severe public health and social problem.The risk of MTCT of syphilis is associated with stage of syphilis in pregnancy,stage of pregnancy,receiving or not receiving treatment,and is especially high in patients with early syphilis.With the growth of incidence of syphilis,the prevention for MTCT of syphilis has been becoming more and more important.Screening for and early treatment of syphilis in pregnancy can effectively block MTCT of syphilis.To learn the epidemiology,route,risk,and associated factors of MTCT of syphilis will undoubtedly facilitate the development of strategies for syphilis prevention and control.
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Objective To investigate the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation value of neutrophil elastase (NE) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted.The data of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to Department of Central Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City Affiliated to Southern Medical University from September 2012 to October 2015 were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they suffered from VAP or not.The content of NE in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at the time of mechanical ventilation start,VAP diagnosis (the worst value from 48 hours after mechanical ventilation start to weaning in non-VAP patients),and at the time before mechanical ventilation weaning,as well as inflammation parameters,clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS),duration of mechanical ventilation and prognosis were recorded.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of NE on VAP diagnosis and prognosis.Results Finally 38 patients were enrolled in the VAP group,and 40 in non-VAP group,and baseline data was similar between the two groups.There was no significant difference in the content of NE in serum and BALF between VAP group and non-VAP group [serum NE (μg/L):67.04 (63.00,75.75) vs.69.00 (63.75,75.00),BALF NE (μg/L):96.26 (85.26,176.01) vs.95.26 (86.76,107.11),both P ＞ 0.05].From continuous monitoring,no significant change in the content of NE in serum and BALF during mechanical ventilation was found in the non-VAP group,but the content of NE in serum and BALF at the time of VAP diagnosis in VAP group was significantly higher than that at mechanical ventilation start [μg/L:157.00 (153.04,165.75) vs.67.04 (63.00,75.75),178.04 (153.00,188.25) vs.96.26 (85.26,176.01),both P ＜ 0.05],and NE content in serum and BALF was significantly decreased at the time after VAP clinical recovery and before mechanical ventilation weaning [μg/L:75.67 (64.51,110.55) vs.157.00 (153.04,165.79),95.50 (66.56,183.02) vs.178.04 (153.00,188.25),both P ＜ 0.05].The NE in the start time of VAP in VAP group was divided into four groups according to quartile,it was found that with the increase of NE content in serum and BALF,the CPIS was increased,the duration of mechanical ventilation was prolonged,and the prognosis was poor (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with non-VAP group,white blood cell count (WBC),neutrocyte proportion,C-reactive protein (CRP),and procalcitonin (PCT) in VAP group were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.01).NE in BALF was significantly positively correlated with WBC,neutrocyte proportion,CRP and PCT (r value was 0.507,0.432,0.779,and 0.519,respectively,all P =0.000),among which the highest correlation was CRP.NE in BALF used for VAP diagnosis has good accuracy,with sensitivity of 87.4％,and specificity of 90.6％,and sensitivity and specificity of NE in serum for VAP diagnosis was 78.6％ and 79.2％ respectively.Conclusion NE can be used as one of the indicators for VAP diagnosis,and it is related to the prognosis of VAP.
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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of durian peel extracts (DPE). Methods The in vivo anti-inflammation effects of DPE were examined by carrageenin-induced mice paw edema test and allergic contact dermatitis test induced by 2, 4-DNFB. And the in vitro anti-inflammation effects of DPE were evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay in RAW 264.7 cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results The results of animal experiments showed that DPE groups could markedly relieve mice paw edema induced by carrageenin ( P<0.01 or P<0.001 compared with blank group). DPE could effectively inhibit the allergic contact dermatitis induced by 2, 4-DNFB in mice, showing good dose-effect relationship. The results of in-vitro test showed that DPE at the given concentrations had no influence on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6) , interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-кВ ) were observably inhibited, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced by 25 and 50 mg/L of DPE. Conclusion DPE exert potential anti-inflammation effect, and the mechanism might be related to its inhibition of NF-кВsignal pathway.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize spray drying process for the raw fruits extract of Psidium guajava. METHODS:Based on single factor,the response surface method was designed to optimize spray drying process condition,using extract rate as index and mass concentration,sampling temperature and sampling speed as factors. The contents and transport rate of total flavones and total polyphenol were determined in each step. RESULTS:The optimal process was as follows as mass concentration of 100 g/L, sampling temperature of 170 ℃,sampling speed of 180 ml/h. Under this condition,the yield of 3 batches of product was(56.08± 0.58)%(RSD=1.04%,n=3). The difference value between test value and predict value was 0.25,without significant difference (P>0.05). The powder of the raw fruits of P. guajava had high contents of total flavones [(17.80 ± 0.09)%] and total polyphenol [(1.23 ± 0.06)%]. The transport rates of them were 87.7% and 25.7%. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized process is feasible to obtain qualified product,and can be used to make medicinal solid preparation.
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Objective To explore the methods for training the abitity of critical thinking of ICU nurses.Methods ICU nurses were trained in terms of knowledge training, case study, care rounds, self-reflection, case discussion, simulation training and seminars. The Chinese version of the critical thinking disposition inventory(CTDI-CV)was used before and one year after the training.Result The scores on CTDI-CV as well as the items after training were all significantly higher than that before training(P<0.05).Conclusion The knowledge and ability in critical thinking can be improved by knowledge and skills training.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of triethanolamine cream in the treatment of skin ulcer. MethodsA multicenter,single-blind,randomized,positive-control study was conducted.One-hundred and twenty patients aging 18-65 years with skin ulcer were randomly classified into the test and control group at a ratio of 2 ∶ 1 to be treated with triethanolamine cream and recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel respectively for 4 weeks.The healing rate of ulcer,granulation tissue production rate and epithelialization rate were calculated.Results After the beginning of treatment,the condition of all patients was improved with time.In total,76 out of 80 triethanolamine-treated patients and 38 out of 40 basic fibroblast growth factor gel-treated patients completed the 4-week trial.Significant differences were observed in the healing rate of ulcer,epithelialization rate and granulation tissue production rate between the test and control group (71.05％ vs.34.21％,P =0.0002; 85％ vs.50％,P =0.0001; 66.25％ vs.37.5％,P =0.0035).No adverse events occurred in any of the patients.Conclusions Triethanolamine cream seems superior to recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel with regard to the healing rate of ulcer,epithelialization rate and granulation tissue production rate,and may be a promising drug for the treatment of skin ulcer.
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Objective To determine the concentration of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in the sera of patients with recurrent genital herpes (RCH), and to explore the significance of abnormal expression of sPD-1 in RCH. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 88 healthy blood donors, 74 patients with RCH including 34 cases of outbreak-stage RCH and 40 cases of stable-stage RCH. The serum level of sPD-1 was measured by monoclonal antibody labeling and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A significant difference was observed in the serum level of sPD-1 between the patients with RGH and the blood donors (33.06 ± 17.5 μg/L vs. 53.07 ± 26.3μg/L, P < 0.01) and between the patients with outbreak-stage RGH and those with stable-stage RGH (27.47 ± 12.9 μg/L vs. 37.71 ± 19.6 μg/L, P< 0.01). Conclusions There is a low expression of sPD-1 in patients with RGH, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the escape of HSV- Ⅱ from immunologic surveillance and development of immunological tolerance.